Definitions of key trading terms used across Orderly, from order book and spread to funding rate and ADL.
Order Book: A live list of all open buy and sell orders for an asset, sorted by price. It shows you what other traders are willing to pay or accept.Liquidity: How much of an asset is available to trade. Higher liquidity means you can buy or sell more easily without moving the price.Spread: The gap between the highest buy price (bid) and the lowest sell price (ask). A smaller spread usually means a more liquid market.Basis Point (BP): A tiny unit of measurement: 1 basis point = 0.01%. Used to express fees and rate changes precisely.Taker Fee: The fee you pay when your order fills immediately, removing liquidity from the order book (e.g., a market order).Maker Fee: The fee you pay when your order adds liquidity to the order book by waiting to be filled (e.g., a limit order that doesn’t match right away).Unsettled PnL: Profit or loss from a perp position that hasn’t been settled yet. Settlement transfers USDC between winning and losing positions.Maintenance Margin: The minimum collateral you must keep in your account to avoid liquidation. If your margin drops below this level, your position gets liquidated.Initial Margin: The collateral required to open a new position. The exact amount depends on the market and the leverage you choose.Funding Fee: A periodic payment between long and short traders that keeps perp prices close to the actual market price of the underlying asset. Learn more here.Cost Position: Your average entry price plus any fees you’ve paid (trading fees, funding fees). This is what’s used to calculate your unrealized PnL.Mark Price: A fair-value estimate for a perp contract, calculated from prices across multiple spot exchanges. It’s designed to be stable and resistant to manipulation, and it’s the price used to determine liquidations. Learn more here.Index Price: The volume-weighted average price of an asset across major spot exchanges. Learn more here.Last Price: Simply the most recent price at which a trade was executed.Open Interest: The total number of outstanding perp contracts that haven’t been closed. It’s a measure of how active a market is, denominated in USDC.Liquidation: When your collateral falls too low to support your position, the system forcibly closes it to prevent further losses.Auto De-leveraging (ADL): A safety mechanism that kicks in when normal liquidation can’t fully close a position. It automatically reduces opposing positions to keep the system solvent. Learn more here.Insurance Fund: A reserve pool that covers losses when a liquidated position can’t be fully absorbed by liquidators. It’s funded by liquidation fees and by Orderly. Learn more here.